Filmsound theory

Chion (Filmsound 2009: p. 249) unterscheidet drei Ebenen von Filmton:

1. on-screen Ton, d.h. was man hört sieht man auch und umgekehrt.

2. Off-screen Ton: das sind Geräusche, deren Ursachen und Quellen sich ausserhalb des Bildrahmens befinden, die aber plausibel Teil der Handlung sein können. Oft wird diese Tonart auch non-diegetisch bezeichnet, was irreführend ist, da diese Geräusche durchaus Teil der Handlung sein können.

3. kommentierender oder interpretierender acousmatischer Ton: Filmmusik, Sound design und Kommentarstimme sind hier zu nennen. Sie interpretieren und reagieren auf sinnlich-emotionaler Ebene auf das Filmgeschehen.

Synchresis

A composite word of synchronism and synthesis created by Chion.

A spontaneous and reflexive psychological phenomenon that is universal and works because of the makeup of our nerveous system, not from cultural conditioning. Synchresis consists in perceiving the concomitance of a discrete sound event and a discrete visual event as a single phenomenon. There is synchresis when the audio and visual events occur simultaneously, and concomitance alone is the necessary and sufficient condition for synchresis.

    The impression created is involuntary; it attributes a common cause to sound and image, even if their nature and source are completely different and even if they have little or no relation to each other in reality.
This makes post-synchronisation and Foley sound possible

    Michel Chion (Film, A Sound Art, 2009) Glossary 

Added Value

A sensory, informational, semantic, narrative, structural or expressive value that a sound heard in a scene leads us to project onto the image, so as to create the impression that we see in the image what in reality we are audio-viewing.
    Added value can go both ways: the image in turn influences our perception of the sound. But because of the spectator’s conscious focus on the screen and the visible, it is definitely on the image that the results of these reverse influences are most often re-projected (e.g. an energetic gesture of a pianist makes us hear the resulting chord louder, more intense).
    Michel Chion (Film, A Sound Art, 2009) Glossary